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The development of web based applications gained enormous interests in recent years. Most of formerly desktop based applications nowadays provide at least a web based version or are completely re-implemented as web based applications. Nevertheless, from the development point of view, there are still a lot of strategies for the development of web based applications borrowed from the development strategies for desktop applications. Therefore, this paper concentrates on the description of an approach that allows to re-use a from the development of desktop applications well-known Design Pattern with a distinct enhancement for web based applications.
The use of Web Services in modern software development is widely accepted and provides (integrated in an according architecture) a fast, flexible and scalable way for the implementation of modern software products. On the other hand, the development of mobile applications, so called apps, becomes more and more important. While using Web Services also from mobile devices is an already accepted scheme in the development of mobile apps, there is not much work done yet for providing Web Services on mobile devices. Therefore, this paper presents a new perspective to Web Services that could be run on mobile devices and, by this, become mobile Web Services.
Die transurethrale Resektion der Prostata (TUR-P) ist der Gold Standard für die endoskopisch-chirurgische Behandlung der Benignen Prostatahyperplasie (BPH). Unbekannt ist jedoch, ob bei der bipolaren TUR-P die Möglichkeit von elektrothermischen Verletzung von benachbartem nichtopertiertem Gewebe besteht. Grund hierfür könnten höhere Ausgangsleistungen der Chirurgie-Generatoren sein. Deshalb werden experimentell gemessene Werte der räumlichen Verlustleistungsdichte um ein bipolares Resektoskop als Quellterm für die Berechnung der Temperaturänderung im operationsnahen Gewebe verwendet. Die Temperaturberechnung basiert auf der numerischen Lösung der Wärmeleitungsgleichung nach Penne. Für die gewählten Randbedingungen und Eingabeparameter sind keine signifikanten Temperaturerhöhungen im Berechnungsgebiet am proximalen Ende des Resektoskop-Schaftes festzustellen. Um ein umfassendes Verständnis zu gewinnen sollen weiterführende Untersuchungen mit einer Variation der Randbedingungen und Eingabeparameter durchgeführt werden
One of the technical building blocks of Cloud Computing infrastructures are Web Services. With respect to mobile devices their role as Web Service consumers is widely accepted and today a large number of mobile applications already consume Web Services in order to fulfill their task. Still, not much research is conducted, as yet, to allow deploying Web Services on mobile devices and thus uses these kinds of devices as Web Service providers. This paper presents an analysis of one already implemented approach for provisioning mobile Web Services with respect to energy/battery consumption. Here, after shortly presenting the implementation for the provisioning of mobile Web Services an evaluation of the battery consumption that results in using the approach is presented. Last but not least, an improvement with respect to the battery consumption is presented. The performance test shows that the improved approach provides a reasonable way to introduce Web Service provisioning for mobile devices.
Die transurethrale Resektion der Prostata (TUR-P) ist der Gold Standard für die endoskopisch-chirurgische Behandlung der Benignen Prostatahyperplasie (BPH). Unbekannt ist jedoch, ob bei der bipolaren TUR-P die Möglichkeit von elektrothermischen Verletzung von benachbar-
tem nichtopertiertem Gewebe besteht. Grund hierfür könnten höhere Ausgangsleistungen der Chirurgie-Generatoren sein. Deshalb werden experimentell gemessene Werte der räumlichen Verlustleistungsdichte um ein bipolares Resektoskop als Quellterm für die Berechnung der Temperaturänderung im operationsnahen Gewebe verwendet. Die Temperaturberechnung basiert auf der numerischen Lösung der Wärmeleitungsgleichung nach Penne. Für die gewählten Randbedingungen und Eingabeparameter sind keine signifikanten Temperaturerhöhungen im Berechnungsgebiet am proximalen Ende des Resektoskop-Schaftes festzustellen. Um ein umfassendes Verständnis zu gewinnen sollen weiterführende Untersuchungen mit einer Variation der Randbedingungen und Eingabeparameter durchgeführt werden.
In this work methods are described, which are used for an individual adaption of a dialog system. Anyway, an automatic real-time capable visual user attention estimation for a face to face human machine interaction is described. Furthermore, an emotion estimation is presented, which combines a visual and an acoustic method. Both, the attention estimation and the visual emotion estimation based on Active Appearance Models (AAMs). Certainly, for the attention estimation Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs) are used to map the Active Appearance Parameters (AAM-Parameters) onto the current head pose. Afterwards, the chronology of the head poses is classified as attention or inattention. In the visual emotion estimation the AAM-Parameter will be classified by a Support-Vector-Machine (SVM). The acoustic emotion estimation also use a SVM to classifies emotion related audio signal features into the 5 basis emotions (neutral, happy, sad, anger, surprise). Afterward, a Bayes network is used to combine the results of the visual and the acoustic estimation in the decision level. The visual attention estimation as well as the emotion estimation will be used in service robotic to allow a more natural and human like dialog. Furthermore, the human head pose is very efficient interpreted as head nodding or shaking by the use of adaptive statistical moments. Especially, the head movement of many demented people are restricted, so they often only use their eyes to look around. For that reason, this work examine a simple gaze estimation with the help of an ordinary webcam. Moreover, a full body user re-identification method is described, which allows an individual state estimation of several people for hight dynamic situations. In this work an appearance based method is described, which allows a fast people re-identification over a short time span to allow the usage of individual parameter.
Recently, standardization bodies such as IEEE and ITU addressed, independently, standards for the medium access control (MAC) and physical layer specification of PLCs. MAC designers develop coexistence mechanisms irrespectively of the physical layer. Power line channel behavior changes every time a modem sends/receives on the channel. Changing the channel behavior influences the communication between nodes. As a consequence, the MAC coexistence mechanisms are affected. Power line impedance is a very important parameter on the design of PLC architecture. The changed channel behavior is a result of changing the impedance values between sending and receiving states. Transmitter and receiver nodes behave simultaneously on the power line. Transmitter nodes transmit although other nodes receive at the same time. Changing states from the MAC layer simultaneously between send and receive for the different nodes influence the channel behavior, as a consequence, influence the physical layer and the coexistence between the different nodes even when the systems are separated in frequency. In this paper, we discuss the coexistence of the NB-PLC applications considering the communication requirements. We then investigate the impedance problem of the power line by providing a typical transmission scenario and simulation results on the CENELEC frequency bands. Finally, we introduce a transmission model which overcomes the impedance problem and optimizes the communications between the non-interoperable nodes.
The bipolar transurethral resection is a further development of monopolar transurethral resection, being the gold standard in surgical treatment of prostate and bladder diseases. To create the metrological basis for understanding of electrical and physical processes during bipolar transurethral resection an experimental set-up to visualize spatial potential distribution around bipolar devices was developed. A hardware based signal conditioning and specific undersampling are presented as data acquisition methods for a sampling rate up to 1 MS/s. These methods are compared with the possibilities of a high speed data acquisition card. For more than four measuring channels and depending on the output bandwidth of the electrosurgical generator either hardware based signal conditioning or specific undersampling is suggested.
It is common to have a large noise and/or a strong interference around the frequency band of a Power Line Communication (PLC) system due to the fact that the PLC channel is not designed for communication. If there are no efficient operations at the receiver to suppress this out-of-band noise and interference to some extent, the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) will decrease and system will suffer performance loss consequently. Normally, the effort of Analog Front End (AFE) on the suppression of out-of-band interference is finite and it is uneconomic to change the AFE structure to make a performance improvement. Therefore, an appropriate structure of Digital Front End (DFE) at the receiver is necessary to reduce the impact of out-of-band noise and interference furthermore. In this paper, three different kinds of DFE structure at the receiver are introduced: classic DFE, time domain Nyquist windowing and Equivalent Complex Baseband (ECB) approach. The performance of these DFE structures is compared, not only from the aspect of out-of-band suppression, but also from the system overhead they need.
Design and Evaluation of a Platform Independent Application for Mobile Access of Moodle Quizzes
(2013)
Die Entwicklung des automobilen HMI verläuft in immer kürzer werdenden Zyklen. Nichtsdestoweniger läßt sich kaum erahnen, inwieweit sich die Zukunft automobilen HMIs darstellen wird. Im Rahmen eines Experten-Workshops wurden verschiedene zukünftige Szenarien in 5, 10 und 20 Jahren auf Basis von Cockpitskizzen bearbeitet. Als Hilfestellung dienten hierbei drei unterschiedliche Personas, basierend auf verschiedenen prototypischen Kunden.
The transurethral resection (TUR) is a standard technique in urological treatment procedures. Both, monopolar and bipolar electrosurgical systems, are used for TUR. Whereas electrical and physical processes in surgery surroundings are well understood for monopolar systems, there is no sufficient data base for the assessment of the processes with the use of bipolar systems. In this context a multi-electrode measuring system was developed to visualize the spatial potential distribution around bipolar electrosurgical devices as a first step to risk analysis. To simulate the anatomic surroundings of a transurethral surgery a cylinder filled with isotonic saline solution was used as a complexity reduced experimental environment.
The transurethral resection (TUR) is a standard technique in urological treatment procedures. Both, monopolar and bipolar electrosurgical systems, are used for TUR. Whereas electrical and physical processes in surgery surroundings are well understood for monopolar systems, there is no sufficient data base for the assessment of the processes with the use of bipolar systems. In this context a multi-electrode measuring system was developed to visualize the spatial potential distribution around bipolar electrosurgical devices as a first step to risk analysis. To simulate the anatomic surroundings of a transurethral surgery a cylinder filled with isotonic saline solution is used as a complexity reduced experimental environment. Investigations about time stability and a qualitative assessment of the experimental set-up show deviations of measured values less than 5%. This is sufficient for further analysis of calculated power loss density distributions based on measured potential distributions. The spatial potential distribution around a bipolar devices is presented by horizontal and vertical sections through the experimental environment.