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In this paper, we describe a method to model human clothes for a later recognition by the use of RGB- and SWIR-cameras. A basic model is estimated during people detection and tracking. This model will be refined if the recognition is triggered. For the refining, several saliency maps are used to extract individual features. These individual features are located separately for any human body parts. The body parts are estimated by the use of a silhouette extraction combined with a skeleton estimation. In this way, the model describes the human clothes in a compact manner which allows the use of a simple and fast comparison method for people recognition. Such models can be used in security and service applications.
One of the technical building blocks of Cloud Computing infrastructures are Web Services. With respect to mobile devices their role as Web Service consumers is widely accepted and today a large number of mobile applications already consume Web Services in order to fulfill their task. Still, not much research is conducted, as yet, to allow deploying Web Services on mobile devices and thus uses these kinds of devices as Web Service providers. This paper presents an analysis of one already implemented approach for provisioning mobile Web Services with respect to energy/battery consumption. Here, after shortly presenting the implementation for the provisioning of mobile Web Services an evaluation of the battery consumption that results in using the approach is presented. Last but not least, an improvement with respect to the battery consumption is presented. The performance test shows that the improved approach provides a reasonable way to introduce Web Service provisioning for mobile devices.
The development of web based applications gained enormous interests in recent years. Most of formerly desktop based applications nowadays provide at least a web based version or are completely re-implemented as web based applications. Nevertheless, from the development point of view, there are still a lot of strategies for the development of web based applications borrowed from the development strategies for desktop applications. Therefore, this paper concentrates on the description of an approach that allows to re-use a from the development of desktop applications well-known Design Pattern with a distinct enhancement for web based applications.
Mobile devices, in the form of smartphones, are endowed with rich capabilities in terms of multimedia, sensors and connectivity. The wide adoption of these devices allows using them across different settings and situations. One area in which mobile devices become more and more prominent is within the field of mobile learning. Here, mobile devices provide rich possibilities for the contextualization of the learner, by using the set of sensors available in the device. On the one hand, the usage of mobile devices enables participation in learning activities independent of time and space. Nevertheless, developing mobile learning applications for the heterogeneity of mobile devices available in the market becomes a challenge. Not only this is a problem related to form factor aspects, but also the large number of different operating systems, platforms and app infrastructures (app stores) are aspects to be considered. In this paper we present our initial efforts with regard to the development of cross-platform mobile applications to support the contextualization of learning content.
The mathematical competence of first year students is an important success factor at least for technical studies. As a significant percentage of students do not have sufficient mathematical skills, universities often utilise blended learning courses to increase these skills prior to the start of studies. Due to the diversity of students and their educational backgrounds, individual strategies are needed to achieve the necessary competence for successfully managing their studies. This paper describes our approach at the University of Applied Sciences Ruhr West, where we are using personalized blended learning concepts based on the measurement of individual mathematical competences at the beginning of a coaching process. This is used to gain a better matching between the individual learner level and the adapted learning concepts. We combine individual presence learning groups and a personalized e-learning environment. This environment is adapted based on mathematical skills of each stud ent. It uses individual learning advices, short-term optical feedback and up to date e-learning material in a Moodle-based LMS (learning management system). The coaching concept is approved by the results of summative and formative evaluations.
The term “Cloud Computing” does not primarily specify new types of core technologies but rather addresses features to do with integration, inter-operability and accessibility. Although not new, virtualization and automation are cor features that characterize Cloud Computing. In this paper, we intend to explore the possibility of integrating cloud services with educational scenarios without re-defining neither the technology nor the usage scenarios from scratch. Our suggestion is based on certain solutions that have already been implemented and tested for specific cases.
Design and Evaluation of a Platform Independent Application for Mobile Access of Moodle Quizzes
(2013)
The use of Web Services in modern software development is widely accepted and provides (integrated in an according architecture) a fast, flexible and scalable way for the implementation of modern software products. On the other hand, the development of mobile applications, so called apps, becomes more and more important. While using Web Services also from mobile devices is an already accepted scheme in the development of mobile apps, there is not much work done yet for providing Web Services on mobile devices. Therefore, this paper presents a new perspective to Web Services that could be run on mobile devices and, by this, become mobile Web Services.
One of the most stressing challenges in our culture is the demographic change. On the one hand, people become older and older, at the same time less young people are available in order to support the elderly. Currently, this fact already provides a number of social impacts that need to be solved in the near future. This paper concentrates on the integration of mobile devices in scenarios that allow elderly people to age successfully. Here, the term "aging successfully" refers to broad range of aspects from health to social life of elderly people. A special focus of this paper lies in the question whether services deployed to a mobile device provide advantages in the area of aging successfully. In order to answer this question, both technical challenges are explained and solved by example architectures, and scenarios that benefit from services deployed to mobile devices are explained.
Pedestrian movement analysis at airports - videobased analysis across multiple camera systems
(2013)
Recently, standardization bodies such as IEEE and ITU addressed, independently, standards for the medium access control (MAC) and physical layer specification of PLCs. MAC designers develop coexistence mechanisms irrespectively of the physical layer. Power line channel behavior changes every time a modem sends/receives on the channel. Changing the channel behavior influences the communication between nodes. As a consequence, the MAC coexistence mechanisms are affected. Power line impedance is a very important parameter on the design of PLC architecture. The changed channel behavior is a result of changing the impedance values between sending and receiving states. Transmitter and receiver nodes behave simultaneously on the power line. Transmitter nodes transmit although other nodes receive at the same time. Changing states from the MAC layer simultaneously between send and receive for the different nodes influence the channel behavior, as a consequence, influence the physical layer and the coexistence between the different nodes even when the systems are separated in frequency. In this paper, we discuss the coexistence of the NB-PLC applications considering the communication requirements. We then investigate the impedance problem of the power line by providing a typical transmission scenario and simulation results on the CENELEC frequency bands. Finally, we introduce a transmission model which overcomes the impedance problem and optimizes the communications between the non-interoperable nodes.
It is common to have a large noise and/or a strong interference around the frequency band of a Power Line Communication (PLC) system due to the fact that the PLC channel is not designed for communication. If there are no efficient operations at the receiver to suppress this out-of-band noise and interference to some extent, the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) will decrease and system will suffer performance loss consequently. Normally, the effort of Analog Front End (AFE) on the suppression of out-of-band interference is finite and it is uneconomic to change the AFE structure to make a performance improvement. Therefore, an appropriate structure of Digital Front End (DFE) at the receiver is necessary to reduce the impact of out-of-band noise and interference furthermore. In this paper, three different kinds of DFE structure at the receiver are introduced: classic DFE, time domain Nyquist windowing and Equivalent Complex Baseband (ECB) approach. The performance of these DFE structures is compared, not only from the aspect of out-of-band suppression, but also from the system overhead they need.
The transurethral resection (TUR) is a standard technique in urological treatment procedures. Both, monopolar and bipolar electrosurgical systems, are used for TUR. Whereas electrical and physical processes in surgery surroundings are well understood for monopolar systems, there is no sufficient data base for the assessment of the processes with the use of bipolar systems. In this context a multi-electrode measuring system was developed to visualize the spatial potential distribution around bipolar electrosurgical devices as a first step to risk analysis. To simulate the anatomic surroundings of a transurethral surgery a cylinder filled with isotonic saline solution was used as a complexity reduced experimental environment.
The bipolar transurethral resection is a further development of monopolar transurethral resection, being the gold standard in surgical treatment of prostate and bladder diseases. To create the metrological basis for understanding of electrical and physical processes during bipolar transurethral resection an experimental set-up to visualize spatial potential distribution around bipolar devices was developed. A hardware based signal conditioning and specific undersampling are presented as data acquisition methods for a sampling rate up to 1 MS/s. These methods are compared with the possibilities of a high speed data acquisition card. For more than four measuring channels and depending on the output bandwidth of the electrosurgical generator either hardware based signal conditioning or specific undersampling is suggested.
The transurethral resection (TUR) is a standard technique in urological treatment procedures. Both, monopolar and bipolar electrosurgical systems, are used for TUR. Whereas electrical and physical processes in surgery surroundings are well understood for monopolar systems, there is no sufficient data base for the assessment of the processes with the use of bipolar systems. In this context a multi-electrode measuring system was developed to visualize the spatial potential distribution around bipolar electrosurgical devices as a first step to risk analysis. To simulate the anatomic surroundings of a transurethral surgery a cylinder filled with isotonic saline solution is used as a complexity reduced experimental environment. Investigations about time stability and a qualitative assessment of the experimental set-up show deviations of measured values less than 5%. This is sufficient for further analysis of calculated power loss density distributions based on measured potential distributions. The spatial potential distribution around a bipolar devices is presented by horizontal and vertical sections through the experimental environment.